This article explores how neurosurgery is a key driver of the global “brain economy,” linking brain health to economic growth and productivity. It argues that investing in neurosurgical care prevents disability, supports workforce participation, and mitigates GDP losses, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The piece highlights advocacy efforts like those of the Global Alliance for Prevention of Spina Bifida F (GAPSBiF), which successfully pushed for a World Health Assembly resolution on folic acid fortification to prevent neural tube defects, an intervention that protects early brain health and preserves future economic potential. By combining clinical expertise with policy leadership, neurosurgeons can shape strategies that improve health outcomes and strengthen global development.